Gestão & Produção
https://www.gestaoeproducao.com/article/doi/10.1590/1806-9649-2024v31e4623
Gestão & Produção
Original Article

Truck Electrification in Brazil: from the perspective of socio-technical players

Perspectivas sobre a Eletrificação de Caminhões no Brasil: uma visão dos atores do regime sociotécnico

Tércio Annunciado; Rafael Carvalho Machado; Danielle Denes-Santos

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9649-2024v31e4623 Gest. Prod., vol.31, e4623, 2024
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Abstract

Abstract: The automotive market worldwide is experiencing unprecedented growth, driven by the adoption of electric passenger and light commercial vehicles, and more recently, by the introduction of electric trucks - in Europe, the United States and Asia – in an attempt to cut greenhouse gas emissions and achieve carbon neutrality, promoting social, environmental, and economic sustainability. This study aims at understanding the perspective of diesel-truck players, regarding the transition to electric engines, from a qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive point of view, using a multilevel and co-evolutionary approach, with a longitudinal temporal perspective, from 2016 to 2022, in Brazil. Among factors identified for the adoption of electric trucks in Brazil are some technological, economic and regulatory elements, consistent with the theory: (a) to increase the availability of public and commercial charging stations; (b) to adapt clean-energy production, transmission and distribution to meet new charge demands; (c) to make hydrogen production cheaper by increasing production; and (d) fuel-cell regulation and standardization. Our evidence-gathering expands the list and adds two resistance factors: (e) business models used to guarantee sales development; and (f) lack of qualified personnel, at the automaker and service network, in terms of electrotechnical expertise and skillset.

Keywords

Electric trucks in Brazil, Sociotechnical transition, Multilevel perspective (MLP), Coevolution, Sustainability

Resumo

Resumo: O mercado automobilístico global vem experimentando a adoção dos veículos elétricos de passeio e comerciais leves e, mais recentemente, a introdução de caminhões elétricos na Europa, Estados Unidos e Ásia como forma de reduzir as emissões de gases de efeito estufa, em direção à neutralidade de carbono e promovendo a sustentabilidade social, ambiental e econômica. O objetivo deste estudo é compreender a perspectiva de atores do regime dominante de caminhões movidos a motores a diesel quanto à transição para motores elétricos, a partir de uma abordagem qualitativa, exploratória e descritiva, utilizando-se de uma abordagem multinível e coevolucionária, com uma perspectiva temporal longitudinal do período de 2016 a 2022 no Brasil. Os fatores identificados para a adoção do Caminhão Elétrico, no Brasil, incluem alguns fatores coerentes com a teoria, de ordem tecnológica, econômica e regulatória: (a) aumento de disponibilidade de infraestrutura pública e comercial de recarga; (b) adequação da infraestrutura de produção, transmissão e distribuição de energia limpa, para atender um novo nível de demanda de carga; (c) o barateamento da produção de hidrogênio pelo aumento da escala de produção; e (d) a regulamentação e normatização de células de combustível. Nossas evidências ampliam esta lista dois fatores de resistência do regime: (e) os modelos de negócio praticados para garantir capilaridade de venda; e (f) a falta de qualificação eletrotécnica dos quadros da montadora e da rede de serviços disponível.

Palavras-chave

Caminhões elétricos no Brasil, Transição sociotécnica, Perspectiva multinível (MLP), Coevolução, Sustentabilidade

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