Gestão & Produção
https://www.gestaoeproducao.com/article/doi/10.1590/1806-9649-2024v31e2524
Gestão & Produção
Original Article

MNEs, FDI and regional innovation intensity: evidence from Brazil

EMNs, IED e intensidade de inovação regional: evidências do Brasil

Vitor Melão Cassânego; Ana Catarina Gandra de Carvalho; Herick Fernando Moralles

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Abstract

Abstract: Foreign direct investment (FDI) has been seen by the literature as an influential factor in the technological evolution of host countries' innovation ecosystems, where several developing nations, such as Brazil, aim to attract FDI to potentialize their development through innovative output. However, the evidence on whether FDI configures a source of positive or negative influence on regional innovation capabilities is mixed. Furthermore, despite the existence of studies regarding emerging economies, there is a gap when it comes to the regional level in Brazil. We intend to contribute to the literature by examining whether multinational enterprises (MNEs) induce high or low-intensity innovations regionally in this last context. Thus, this study aims to complement academic investigations by analyzing the influence of MNEs on regional innovation intensity in Brazil in the state of São Paulo using a unique regional-level FDI database in a panel ranging from 2010 to 2016. FDI and AC demonstrated a positive effect on high-intensity innovation, specifically invention patents, with no observable influence on low-intensity innovation, such as utility models and certificates of addition. These findings corroborate various regression specifications and alternative estimation methods explored throughout the academic literature.

Keywords

MNEs, Invention intensity, Patents, Brazil

Resumo

Resumo: O investimento estrangeiro direto (IED) tem sido visto pela literatura como um fator influente na evolução tecnológica dos ecossistemas de inovação dos países anfitriões, com várias nações em desenvolvimento, como o Brasil, buscando atrair IED para potencializar seu desenvolvimento por meio da produção inovadora. Entretanto, as evidências sobre se o IED configura uma fonte de influência positiva ou negativa sobre as capacidades regionais de inovação são variadas. Além disso, apesar da existência de estudos sobre economias emergentes, há uma lacuna quando se trata do nível regional no Brasil. Pretendemos contribuir com a literatura examinando se as empresas multinacionais (EMNs) regionais induzem inovações de alta ou baixa intensidade nesse último contexto. Assim, este estudo visa a complementar as investigações acadêmicas, analisando a influência das EMNs na intensidade da inovação regional no Brasil, no estado de São Paulo, usando um banco de dados exclusivo de IDE em nível regional em um painel que vai de 2010 a 2016. Os resultados mostraram um impacto positivo de FDI e capacidade empresarial de absorção de tecnologias na inovação de alta intensidade, efeito que não se repetiu para a de baixa intensidade. Essas descobertas corroboram várias especificações de regressão e métodos de estimativa alternativos explorados em toda a literatura acadêmica.

Palavras-chave

EMNs, Intensidade de inovação, Patentes, Brasil

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